Definition of fallacy Essay Example for Free

Definition of fallacy Essay The author tries to distract the audience from the original issue by bringing up related but irrelevant issues. Usually the evidence can be used to support a closely related or similar conclusion. Explanation The author is placing information within the article that is irrelevant to the case. He is talking about Mr. Iqbal and the fact he is seeking discovery, which is likely to be critical for his claims to go forward. And then talking about how the government officials aren’t involved, intercepts. Mr. Iqbal is the center of this article, and everything within it is not entirely about him. They deter and talk about how the Bush administration is arguing that these government officials are innocent. â€Å"The issue in the Supreme Court is whether these high-ranking officials are protected from having to answer questions of this kind. The Bush administration argues that the officials were not sufficiently involved in the detention policies to be responsible for them. It also maintains that if top government officials were required to comply with such discovery requests, it would interfere with their ability to do their jobs. † Argument in Standard Form Point One: Bush administration insists the officials are not really involved. Point Two: That complying with discovery requests would interfere with their ability to do their jobs. So, the Bush administration should not give a feeble excuse for the government officials to get out of the discovery requests. 2. Name of fallacy Slippery Slope Definition of fallacy When the conclusion rests on an alleged chain reaction, and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place. Explanation of fallacy Here, one is jumping from one thing to another on what may or has happened. What’s to say it will happen again? People can change; people can learn from their mistakes and never commit such a thing again. â€Å"The construction state is in some respects akin to the military-industrial complex in cold-war America (or the Soviet Union), sucking in the country’s wealth, consuming it inefficiently, growing like a cancer, and bequeathing both fiscal crisis and environmental devastation, commented Gavan McCormack, a professor at the Australian National University. The stimulus plans had the opposite effect of what was expected. Appalled at the country’s new deficits, Japanese consumers closed their wallets. † Argument in Standard Form Point One: The construction state is akin to the military-industrial complex in cold-war America (or the Soviet Union). Point Two: The stimulus plans had the opposite effect of what was expected. So, we should not outright assume things will repeat as they did in the past before anything has even been tried. 3. Name of fallacy Straw Man Definition of fallacy Ignores an actual position and presents a distorted, oversimplified or misrepresented version to make it easier to attack. Explanation of fallacy The author is saying that while the financial chaos has ruined sleep, our physical and human capital is unscathed? What does that mean? It’s a distorted message. Then the fact they talk about if it hasn’t changed, we haven’t suffered any capital loss. What if we have suffered some capital loss and the government simply will not let the public know about it? â€Å"This financial chaos has ruined our sleep but left our physical and human capital unscathed. We have the same productive capacity today we had a year ago. And if our capital hasn’t changed, we’ve suffered no overall capital loss. † Argument in Standard Form Point One: Financial chaos has ruined our sleep but has left our capital unscathed. Point Two: Since we have the same productive capacity today we had a year ago, we should have suffered no capital loss. So, financial chaos happened. It affected us in more ways than one. That’s it.

The Impact Of The Internet On Entrepreneur Ventures

The Impact Of The Internet On Entrepreneur Ventures Introduction: In recent years, internet is more and more popular and closely to people in a variable fields. Internet was used as a tool for helping them to connect and seeking information or advising what they need. Almost entrepreneurs also use this tool as a part of creating successfully for their business but sometimes it also creates some problem. Some negative impacts of internet on the entrepreneur venture such as security or lost productivity that make the entrepreneur take a lot of problem. However, almost impacts of the internet on entrepreneurial ventures is good such as raise the capacity of accessing information through internet, increase communicate capability among entrepreneurs and others people, help to achieve the target specific venture firm, increase the efficiency of the submission process and specially support marketing strategy. Impact of the internet on entrepreneur ventures: Internet is a worldwide network of networks. It is also the network of networks that connects millions computers (called hosts). The Internet is the virtual space in which users send and receive email, login to remote computers (telnet), browse databases of information (gopher, World Wide Web, WAIS), and send and receive programs (ftp) contained on these computers. (linux.about.com, 2010) Negative impacts of internet can make the entrepreneur ventures have to face the risk such as security leak, hence they must find the ways to control and limit these problems. However, it is no doubt that internet has much more positive impact on the entrepreneur venture. As I mention below, I will discuss about the impact of internet on entrepreneur ventures and illustrate with some example to demonstrate the benefit of using internet. Firstly, the most effective impact of internet is the security of the information. Many businesses conducted online get the trouble and it becomes majors concerns. There are a number of cases which the transactions are able to become unsafe because the information can be leaked out when entrepreneur use internet in taking transaction. An example is in day by day transactions, major security threats such as hackers, virus, or e-terrorism. Breaches of security such as thefts of data and information on several occasions are able to lead investors or customers to question the safety of doing business online, which can hurt business further by lowering confidence levels. However, internet can push the ability to quick access more information of the entrepreneur ventures. The rich and sufficient of the internet help the businessman to search and find any information and data that are being supported for their plans. As can be seen, internet creates the wide environment business for all bus inessmen and it innovate the businessmen to search for business opportunities or investors whose are the same ideas and goal in business. Long times ago, when the internet have not yet development, the entrepreneurs had to waste a long time to find the information that might support for their business through books, newspaper, radio and others sources, however, these information might be not enough. Moreover, they just only collect information in a small area such as in their own country or several countries around them. The limitation of the information made many companies not able to connect and update the development of the world, hence the economic was limited. Today, basing on internet, the entrepreneurs can find and seek to whatever they want such as information of the competitors, update news of the business environment in the world, thus it is easier for entrepreneurs to catch up with orientations of the world market. Hence, if the entrepreneur can control the data security system, backup data and training employees, internet can support to the entrepreneur take the full advantage of it. Secondly, another impact of internet on entrepreneur ventures is the employees productivity. As can be seen, the entrepreneur ventures often worry that using the internet at work will reduce the jobs performance because their employees do not focus on their job or neglect their duty in the working hours. It is a fact that workers spend a substantial amount of their workday replying to personal email, web surfing, following live sporting events and so on. Even for scenarios in which employees are not required with computers, the availability of wireless internet on phone and other mobile devices creates a constant swarm of distraction that can cut into work time. But it is undeniable that internet can enhance communicate capability among entrepreneurs, their staffs and their partners. Some companies are using the internet to make indirect connections with their customer or intensify relations with some their trading partners for the first time. Using the internet technologies and acce ss options has expanded the capabilities of laptops, desktops and workstation. Thus, businessmen are able to communicate with each other via email, office intranet, local area networks, install message programs and wide area networks. In addition, internet is always up to date and it requires users improve themselves to control and taking full advantages from this tool. The entrepreneur ventures exchange news and information with their employees and their partners through internet such as information about analyse of finance, new potential competitors, the strategies to develop their product, the view of the others businessmen or the experience and strategies of the success businessman and so on. After that, the entrepreneur venture might be collect this information to evaluate the global market and fix the best strategy for their business. Therefore, internet makes entrepreneurs dynamic and catches up with changing of the world. Thirdly, internet is ability to affect on achieving the target specific venture firm. The information from internet allows a better understanding of the requirement connect with venture planning as well as providing a window into what the venture community perceives. The businessman can easily discover the potential market or hot areas in which to invest. An example is venture capitalist. The seekers submit their business plan to companies where they have the best chance of receiving funds. The ventures capitalists receive the types of applications and choosing what they are most interest in. Therefore, the entrepreneurs have a much larger selection of firms to work with, a better chance for a successful investment and a better in the relationships. In addition, the business plans online and applications can be accepted by some venture firms. The venture capitalist often considered business plans brought to their attention through industry contracts or previous clients in traditional ly. But now these limitations are changing because the venture firms use a web presence to open their doors to all entrepreneurs. Besides, the entrepreneur uses email to exchange executive summaries of business plans. All of partners can share a common mail server and it also allows people to route plans quicker because they can work at work or at home or even to read submissions when they are on the road. Internet also provides the system to support business. It allows members easy access to the pool of sources; it limited the resources available to outsiders and non-members. Moreover, the entrepreneur use internet to research reports, information on who is working on what technology, news and so on. Internet also allow the entrepreneurial ventures to use personal resources to stay abreast of what is happening, providing a quantum leap in productivity. Finally, internet also impact on the process to build image and reputation for the business. The entrepreneur ventures use their own website as a tool to closer with the world market. Internet helps customers to connect with the website of the company to find whatever they needs and wants. Website with its ability to create and display colourful graphic, sound, animation and video allows companies to compete and surpass with their large rivals Web presence. In particular, many small businesses with the limitation of capital and their power, they are not ability to match their marketing efforts of their large competitions, thus, using the website through internet that it is the best way for them to achieve the great equalizer. A business with a proper marketing strategy in place, it uses the web to expand its ability to provide customer service at minimal cost. The potential customers in all over the world just only need to click on the website and they can know about the product or s ervices of the company. In consequence, the entrepreneurs do not necessary to waste a lot of money for advertising in other media such as television or radio. Besides, products can be sold or ordered 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and 365 days a year without the need for support staff. Hence, it can help to reduce the extra costs that are associated with ordering. In addition, using website allows entrepreneurs to support both existing and potential customers with meaningful information in an interactive rather than the passive setting. Company might display what they want to advertise for their customers such as background of the company and its history, kinds of products and services, benefit that customer can achieve and video of its product and service in use and so on. On the other hand, customers can collect information about a product or service, have their question answered, and place order easily and so on. One of the examples that internet and website help entrepreneur to expand the business is the case of Jill Anne Partain. She has a company that make unique handbags, and she received $500 as a college graduation gift. She chooses Lexington in Virginia instead of New York to locate her business and using her companys website to sell handbags. Ignorance a lot of the ideas which Partain think that they would be the ideal location for her business, she choose website. Partain explained since she was selling over the web, it did not matter where her manufacture is. Now, her company turn out about 5000 handbags a year and more than $ 1.3 million in sales from one of those old converted Virginia textile mills. It is easily to realize that Partain have a big success and benefit when she use website as a best strategy to connect her product with her customers. She set up her company in a small city where not a fashion capital is. However, basing on internet and website, a lot of shopaholics are still attracted and persuaded by her handbags design. Thus, the amount of handbags and profit that she achieves, are more and more increasingly. Conclusion: In conclusion, the impact of the internet on the entrepreneur venture is very enormous and it plays more and more important in the improvement of the business in the global economic. Although using the internet also have many problems, nevertheless, if the entrepreneur venture know how to solve these problem, they can solve their jobs better; information can be update faster, people can connect easier. For that reason, if the entrepreneur ventures know how to control and use internet, they will achieve great success in their business. 2) Discuss the importance of environmental issues and opportunities that can be tapped by entrepreneurs. Introduction: The importance of entrepreneurship to any economy is like that of entrepreneurship in any community. Entrepreneurial activity and the resultant financial gain are always of benefit to a country. Therefore, every country in the world has entrepreneurs, people who are creative and willing to take risks. But not all economies encourage their entrepreneurs to succeed in developing new products, ideas or services and getting them to consumers. An economic system must provide incentives that encourage entrepreneurs to risk trying something new. The most important incentives for entrepreneurs are the opportunities and environmental factors. Opportunity: Most entrepreneurial firms are started with finding the opportunities. The opportunity is very importance. It is a favourable set of circumstances that creates the need for a new product, service, or business idea. An opportunity has four essential qualities: it is attractive, durable, timely and anchored in a product, service or business that creates or adds value for its buyer or end user. The entrepreneurs usually use three ways to identify an opportunity. There are observing trends, solving a problem and finding Gaps in the marketplace. Entrepreneurial opportunities as situations in which new goods, services, raw materials, markets and organizing methods can be introduced through the formation of new means, ends, or means-ends relationships. These situations do not need to change the terms of economic exchange to be entrepreneurial opportunities, but only need to have the potential to alter the terms of economic exchange. In addition, unlike optimizing or satisfying decisions, in which the ends that the decision maker is trying to achieve and the means that the decision maker will employ are given, entrepreneurial decisions are creative decisions. One of the important opportunities is window of opportunity. When the window of opportunity open, it can help a firm enters a new market. As the market grows, firm enter and try to establish a profitable position. The computer, for example, paved the way for the Internet, which, in turn, paved the way for search engines and software to explore the World Wide Web, which, in turn, created a new way for people to shop and obtain valuable information, and on and on. A wealthy economy is one teeming with superior contributions and the entrepreneurial opportunities created by them. Opportunities can also be classified on whether the changes that generate them exist on the demand or the supply side. In general, the entrepreneurship literature implicitly focuses on supply side changes. For example, most discussions of opportunity concern changes in inputs, ways of organizing, production processes, or products. But changes in demand alone can generate opportunities. Customer preferences influence the allocation of resources because producers need to respond to the preferences and purchasing habits of consumers. Thus, demand changes from exogenous shifts in culture, perception, tastes, or mood can open up opportunities, as in the case of demand for American flags in response to a terrorist attack. The opportunity is created if the increase in demand outpaces investments in production capacity, generating opportunities to add more capacity, perhaps on more economic terms. In addition, growing markets might create new niches as well as the opportunity to specialize In fact, the entrepreneurs improve established products and services, or they create new ones. With them, the opportunities that can find in the recent business are very important. Therefore, they must use every condition to develop these opportunities. For example, the discovery that seaweed could be sold as a food in the United States as well as Japan generates the opportunity for entrepreneurial activity, as did the discovery that oil provided a better fuel than many other raw materials previously discovered. In brief, new methods of production, such as the assembly line or computer-aided drug discovery, have provided opportunities for entrepreneurial profit. The creation of a new good or service can create an opportunity for entrepreneurial profit, as is the case when the development of accounting software or a surgical device makes possible a product or service that can be sold for greater than its cost of production. However, as we have seen from the development of the Internet, new modes of organizing that do not require bricks and mortar locations also generate opportunities for entrepreneurial profit. Opportunity conditions are defined by the amount, variety, and source of feasible solutions. For example, some industries may benefit from advances in basic scientific understanding, such as biotechnology or semiconductors, while others may not. Opportunity conditions are most favourable when for a given investment the likelihood of achieving innovation is high and when it is possible to use a single development for multiple solutions. Environmental issues: Economic Forces: When study how economic forces affect opportunities, it is important to evaluate who has money to spend and who is trying to cut costs. As more teens enter the workforce, demand increases for products they buy, such as designer clothing, mobile phone, and concert tickets or backpacking tour for instance, took off so rapidly in part because teenagers have grow levels of cash to spend. In additional, Economic forces affect consumers level of disposable income. When income is high, people are more willing to buy products or services that enhance their lives. For examples, In Vietnam, the economy is developing. There are many rich people. They spend a lot of money to buy big house, luxury car or clothes of famous brand name. These are the opportunities for entrepreneurs invest or produce more quality products to service customers in there. Besides that, an increase in the number of women in the workforce and their related increase in disposable income is large responsible for the number of boutique clothing stores targeting professional women that have opened in the past several years. Another trend that is affected by economic factors is pressure on firms to improve their economic performance. Furthermore, many entrepreneurs have taken advantage of this trend by starting firms that help other firms control costs. In the chemical industry, for example, ChemConnect (founded in 1995) provides an online marketplace to make it less expensive for chemical companies to buy and sell chemicals on a global scale. Moreover, an industry might face macro-level inefficient allocation of resources, such as investments in large-scale production facilities that serve markets with cyclical demand. These cyclical enterprises are frequently accompanied by rising demand and poor performance, are typically profitable only at peak points in the industry cycle, and therefore signal that a superior business model or production plan may be more profitable. Social Forces: An understanding of the impact of social forces on trends and how they affect new product, service, and business ideas is a fundamental piece of the opportunity recognition puzzle. For example, the Sony Walkman was developed not because customers wanted smaller radios, but because people wanted to listen to music while on the move- while riding the subway and while exercising. Besides that, Shifts in societal demographics also generate and close off opportunities. For example, the aging of the baby boomers generates opportunities for reallocation of resources from products and services to children to products and services for the elderly and the growth of the Hispanic population in some areas of the United States has produced opportunities to start Spanish radio stations. Additional recent social trends that allow for new opportunities are the following: Family and work patterns The aging of the population The increasing diversity in the workplace The globalization of industries The increasing focus on health care and fitness The proliferation of computers and the Internet The continual increase in the number of cell phone users New forms of music and other types of entertainment Technological advances: The advances in technology frequently dovetail with economic and social changes to create opportunities. Many e-commerce sites are technological marvels, allowing a customer to order products, pay for them, and choose how quickly they are shipped. But again, it is not so much the technology that makes e-commerce attractive. The ultimate reason most people buy online is because they are busy and prefer to shop when they have free time rather than being restricted to traditional store hours and store location. Another aspect of technological advances is that once a technology is created, products often emerge to advance it. For example, RealNetworks was launched to add video capabilities to the Internet, which took the Internet to the next level. Moreover, the technological advances often provide opportunities to help people satisfy basic needs in better or more convenient way. In many areas peoples needs dont change over time. For instance, people who share have always wanted to minimize the number of nicks and shaving time and get as close a shave as possible. These and other shaving-related desires will probably never change. Political Action and Regulatory Changes: Political and regulatory changes also provide the basis for opportunities. For example, new laws create opportunities for entrepreneurs to start firms to help companies comply with these laws. The exercise of government power influences the volume, distribution, and types of opportunities available. For example, government actions to manage the macro-economy, such as efforts to change the money supply or interest rates influence entrepreneurial opportunities. Similarly, regulatory intervention has altered the structure of industries thereby creating opportunities for new entrants. Anti-trust and deregulation of industries by the United States Government has created opportunities in industries such as telecommunications, airlines, trucking, railroads, banking, and natural gas. Besides, in the electric power industry, for example, government actions have influenced the variety and amount of entrepreneurial opportunities. In that industry, federal regulation has (1) changed the market s tructure; (2) created markets through the establishment of purchasing guidelines for alternative power producers; and (3) regulated returns on capital. Political change also engenders new business and product opportunities. For instance, global political instability and the threat of terrorism have resulted in many firms becoming more security conscious. These companies need new products and services to protect their physical assets and intellectual property as well as to protect their customers and employees. Conclusion: The purpose of this part was to clarify the role of opportunities and environmental issues in the entrepreneurial process. It helps us make the successful business in the future. Besides that, finding the opportunities and evaluating the environment factors also help us to choose the perfect strategies to do business. Words: 3705 Reference Lists: Online: Juergen Haas, about.com guide 2010. Internet, viewed 28 March 2010, < http://linux.about.com/cs/linux101/g/Internet.htm> Dennis Hartman 1999. Negative impact of the internet on the business, viewed 1 April 2010, Jonathan T. Eckhardt, Scott A. Shane 2003, Journal of Management , 29(3) 333-3 , viewed 7 April 2010, Book: Thomas W. Zimmerer and Norman M. Scarborough, (2005). Essentials of entrepreneurship and small business management. 4th edition, Prentice Hall, chapter 6, p.203 Barringer, Bruce and Ireland, Duane (2008) Entrepreneurship Successfully Launching New Ventures, 2nd edn, Pearson International.

The Ice Skating Party :: essays research papers

The Breaking of Ice at the Skating Party The night of the skating party hold events that is romantic, symbolic and tragic. Two versions of the story told by two people present at the skating party share insight into the versions they believe to be true, except one story teller has a few secrets that has laid guilt on his mind for over thirty years. Merna Summers’ The Skating Party holds a lesson in love and life; Nathan and Winnie Singleton’s stories are different, Winnie believes Nathan tragically lost his ‘wife to be’ in a skating accident, when in reality Nathan loses a love, no one else but him knows of. Nathan’s thoughts on the mood of the night, and his indirect statement referring to his tragic episode will reveal why the narrator considered it peculiar that Uncle Nathan had never married and who he was really in love with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Winnie’s version of the skating party is accompanied with darkness so beautiful that Nox the goddess of night could be present; the night ski fluttered with moon light and cloud, the bon fire’s demon like reflection quivered over the frozen water. Friends and family dance with one another oblivious to anything outside their magic ice-land. As the night advanced, people went up to the house where the party would continue; two young ladies went in opposite directions of everyone else and went through the thin ice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Near the fire, people heard their [the two girls]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cries for help. A group of men skated out to rescue   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  them.† (Summers pg. 190-191) At the front of the line was Nathan Singleton, and coincidently the two girls being saved are his wife to be Eunice and her sister Delia, the party was being held for both Nathan and Eunice on the account of their up coming marriage; and now Nathan is linked with several other men from the party trying to save his fiancà © and her sister. Winnie tells the story of her brother in-laws encounter with death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Your uncle Nathan risked his life, my mother said†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was no way on earth he could save both girls.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Summers pg.191) Tragically, Nathan did not save both girls, during the ordeal the moon was hiding behind the clouds and Nathan could not make out faces, he grabbed the first set of hands he could and the other pair went under without a trace. Winnie and everyone else share the feeling of, how ironic and sad; we all know Nathan wanted to save his love Eunice.

Brave New World: Utopia Without Shakespeare? Essay -- Brave New World

Brave New World: Utopia Without Shakespeare? The Utopia of the future- something every human seemingly wants, but is it worth it to throw away everything for happiness and live in a world where only a few people can recall a man named Shakespeare? In Aldous Huxley's satirical novel, "Brave New World," this cellophaned world, polished and regulated to perfection, is a reality. In this Utopia, people like Bernard Marx, an intelligent and adverse Alpha, the highest class of humans, are conditioned to worship the Great Ford, to believe everything the Controllers say, to amuse themselves with sports, "feelies" and non-utilitarian relationships and, most of all, to take soma, a drug simulating happiness, whenever a problem should arise. No one feels, no one reads or experiences art, no one discovers, no one cries, no one grows old, no one feels pain or fear and absolutely no one is unhappy. Different from regular Alphas, having mental excesses and physical shortcomings as a result of his decanting process, Bernard seeks meaning in his perfectly structured civilization. Discontented with the daily routine in "Utopia," Bernard attempts to venture out in search of mental and physical freedom. He does so by visiting the primitives in a simple Indian village outside of his ordered world. There he meets the savage named John, the "natural" son of a Beta woman who was forced to live in the Indian village after getting lost several years before. Natural childbirth is unheard of in Utopian society with its totally structured birth control system. Through John's experiences and realizations in the "Brave New World," the nonsense of the conditioned and controlled humans, living in Utopia, is understood. John ... ... real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin. . . I'm claiming the right to be unhappy. . . Not to mention the right to grow old and ugly and impotent; the right to have syphilis and cancer; the right to have too little to eat; the right to be lousy; the right to live in constant apprehension of what may happen tomorrow; the right to catch typhoid; the right to be tortured by unspeakable pains of every kind. . . I claim them all (Huxley 288). Certainly, the two existing places in Huxley's "Brave New World," Utopia and the Indian village contrast drastically. By representing two totally different societies, an actual and an ideal, they contribute to the central meaning of the work, to show that a perfect society in which happiness prevails is not the answer. Living your own life as an individual, in an imperfect world, is far more rewarding than Utopia.

Priest Celibacy :: essays research papers

Fundamentalist attacks on priestly celibacy come in a number of different forms—not all compatible with one another. There is almost no other subject about which so many different confusions exist. The first and most basic confusion is thinking of priestly celibacy as a dogma or doctrine—a central and irreformable part of the faith, believed by Catholics to come from Jesus and the apostles. Thus some Fundamentalists make a great deal of a biblical reference to Peter’s mother-in-law (Mark 1:30), apparently supposing that, if Catholics only knew that Peter had been married, they would be unable to regard him as the first pope. Again, Fundamentalist time lines of "Catholic inventions" (a popular literary form) assign "mandatory priestly celibacy" to this or that year in Church history, as if prior to this requirement the Church could not have been Catholic. These Fundamentalists are often surprised to learn that even today celibacy is not the rule for all Catholic priests. In fact, for Eastern Rite Catholics, married priests are the norm, just as they are for Orthodox and Oriental Christians. Even in the Eastern churches, though, there have always been some restrictions on marriage and ordination. Although married men may become priests, unmarried priests may not marry, and married priests, if widowed, may not remarry. Moreover, there is an ancient Eastern discipline of choosing bishops from the ranks of the celibate monks, so their bishops are all unmarried. The tradition in the Western or Latin-Rite Church has been for priests as well as bishops to take vows of celibacy, a rule that has been firmly in place since the early Middle Ages. Even today, though, exceptions are made. For example, there are married Latin-Rite priests who are converts from Lutheranism and Episcopalianism. As these variations and exceptions indicate, priestly celibacy is not an unchangeable dogma but a disciplinary rule. The fact that Peter was married is no more contrary to the Catholic faith than the fact that the pastor of the nearest Maronite Catholic church is married. Is Marriage Mandatory? Another, quite different Fundamentalist confusion is the notion that celibacy is unbiblical, or even "unnatural." Every man, it is claimed, must obey the biblical injunction to "Be fruitful and multiply" (Gen. 1:28); and Paul commands that "each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband" (1 Cor. 7:2). It is even argued that celibacy somehow "causes," or at least correlates with higher incidence of, illicit sexual behavior or perversion.

Chapter Syanade

Furthermore, following the Basic Education Curriculum, some enhancement, enrichment and upgrading of skills in Technology and Livelihood Education were made, wherein the students are required to undergo specialization using their basic academics in their chosen field like food trades, cosmetology, garments, agriculture, auto mechanics, radio chances, industrial electricity, civil technology, drafting, and computer technology. This enhancement paved the way of producing skilled graduates capable of employment, thereby fulfilling the school's mission and vision. Jacob Z.Gonzales Memorial National High School had been using the traditional way of teaching their students. Sometimes it's hard for the students to gather information for their assignments because of the limited number of books. It's also hard for the teachers to catch the attention of the students because sometimes they are not interested in a topic or lesson. Today we all know that technology continues to flow all over the world, computers are now more efficient to use because with the use of this device we can lessen our work. With the use of Information System for Science Subjects students can easily get information for their assignments.All students can easily understand some important or vocabulary words by the use of glossary which is also included in this system. This can also be used as the visual presentation of the teachers in teaching their students. The School of Jacob Z. Gonzales Memorial National High School has a unique equipments and facilities. They have here some computers and projectors which are provided in every room of the school. They also have their computer laboratory room that's why it is easy to use and install software or any system that will be beneficial for the school.Computer Aided Instruction is very applicable in a classroom setting specially in Environmental Science. It covers the five major themes: Human Population, Sustainability and Carrying Capacity, Urban World, Global Perspective, and Science and Values. The subject is more interesting when it integrates Computer Aided Instruction. Videos, Graphics, Text, and Sounds will be added n this software for better teaching and learning. The integration of multimedia and fresh information would help the teacher in teaching the subject and would help in getting the attention of the students.This kind of technology would be sufficient for learning especially for those who wants to excel in the subject Environmental Science. Multimedia as a part of the proposed Computer Aided Instruction would not only help the users but also to experience the innovative technology. Computer Aided Instruction for Environmental Science can be a powerful tool in education especially to those who need a large amount of reading. Students nowadays need a different kind of approach in learning, instead of traditional classroom teaching. 1. Statement of the Problem 12. 1 General Problem How to design an Information System fo r Science subjects Gonzales Memorial National High School? In Jacob Z. 1. 2. 2 Specific Problems 1 . How to design a System that will generate information about science? There is only limited number of books that's why the students find it difficult to search for their assignments. Also, the users could hardly find their needed information from the internet and library. 2. How to design a system that will help the teachers in providing a restoration for their teaching?Sometimes, the students are getting bored, listening to the lesson that their teacher is discussing in front of the class that's why the researchers choose to provide this system to make it easier for the teachers to discuss the lessons. The system can catch the attention of many students because once they open this program there is music, lots of animation and video presentations that can make the lessons more interesting. 3. How to design a system that will provide pictures and videos for presentation? Sometimes, it is hard for the teacher to discuss the lesson wherein there is need for a video presentation.The system will provide videos for the topic that is needed by the students and teachers. 1. Abject of the Study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The main objective of this system is to develop an Information System for Science subjects for high school which will provide pictures, videos and meaning of unfamiliar words. The researchers also acknowledged the use of Microsoft database to record the name and the score of the students who take the quiz in every science topic. The researchers also include here a login form which only the Science teachers can access to allow them to view the corded scores of their students.And also to know who among their students have taken the quiz. 1. 32 Specific Objectives 1. To design a system that will generate information. The system will provide a list of vocabulary words with its corresponding meaning so that the student will easily understand it. The researcher s have provided a glossary in every subject so that they can easily find the meaning of the unfamiliar words. 2. To design a system that will help the teachers in providing a presentation for their teaching. The teachers can easily use the system using a projector. 3. To design a system that will provide pictures and videos for presentation.

An Analysis of Marquez’ The Plane of the Sleeping Beauty

The short story by Gabriel Garcia Marquez which is entitled The Plane of the Sleeping Beauty written in June 1982 may be interpreted as a depiction of our colonial history and its legacy to the world. While reading his work I find myself searching for the true individualities of the main characters. This is also what I consider to be the problematic of the story. It hopes to unveil a reality of human existence that is often rooted in our historical structures- where countries have crossed cultural boundaries and homogenized economies making some of them quite unhappy. The author presents such scenario combined with his emotions toward it through symbolisms in the guise of the character and events. Indeed the setting, characters and context of the story harmoniously created the characters’ dilemma- the discomfort of their lost identities in a continuously globalizing world with flashbacks on the impacts of colonialism and wars.I would like to focus on three aspects of the liter ary text in explaining the problematic; the setting, characters and context. The story is narrated by the author who is also one of the main characters. He is subtly confirmed Japanese though unnamed, in the latter part when he said: â€Å"Who is going to believe it,† I told myself, with my own passion exacerbated by the champagne: â€Å"Me, an elderly Japanese by now.† The other main character is a lady who is not also introduced by the author but instead referred to as the Sleeping Beauty. This is proved by the title itself and the plot which seemed to have concentrated on her or filled with her quintessence. At the beginning of the story is already a romantic description of this mysterious character:She was beautiful elastic with tender bread-colored skin and green almond eyes. Black hair long and smooth fell to her back, and she exuded an aura of antiquity that in it of itself could be Indonesian and not from the Andes. She was dressed with taste-lynx jacket, natur al silk blouse adorned with tenuous flowers, crude linen pants, and lined shoes the color of bugambillas.Also in another section of the story the author narrates:She had on her neck a chain so fine that it was all but invisible above her golden skin, perfect ears with no earring holes, rose fingernails in good health, and a smooth ring on her left hand.While both characters have no names, they suggest however nationalities that are nonetheless experiencing confusion. Nation is defined as â€Å"a group of people who share a common cultural inheritance† (Heywood 106 ). The cultural inheritance becomes the source of common identity for all the members of the group and may come in the form of language, history, poetry, music, race or ethnicity, etc. The confusion arises in the mixtures of influences that are manifested in the characters’ languages and experiences. For instance, the lady appears Indonesian to the Japanese, but may be perceived Latin American in the narratio n:She then put on her lynx jacket, walked nearly on top of me with a conventional apology in a pure Castilian straight out of the Americas, and walked off without saying goodbye†¦The lady has used other languages as well in the story like French and English.The man on the other hand exposing his knowledge of Japanese and Western forms of literature has interestingly revealed fascination over Chinese mythological beliefs- all of which present a fusion of cultures;I thought, reciting into the crest of foam from my champagne the skillful sonnet of Gerardo Diego†¦last spring I read a beautiful novel by Yasunari Kawabata concerning the ancient bourgeois of Kyoto that paid enormous sums to spend the night speculating the most stunning women of the city†¦and in;â€Å"Dammit,† I said to myself, with great scorn. â€Å"Why was I not born a Taurus?!†.The setting has more to explain actually-previously the airport then the plane. The airport signifies to me the abi lity of countries to transcend borders. In particular, the Charles de Gaulle de Paris airport as a chosen background where all succeeding events are to be witnessed somehow represents a historical moment when freedom is aspired by most regions. Especially that France is known for its love for liberty and freedom. The entire commotion as imagined by the author is a semblance of World War II whose outcomes and length were initially perceived uncertain and infinite, respectively. For instance;†¦Only then did she mention that the airport was about to close and all flights have been delayed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ As long as God desires† she said with a grin. â€Å"It was announced on the radio this morning it will be the biggest snowstorm of the year†. She was wrong. It was the biggest of the century [such is also the case during the Worl War].and in;Outside I found an unpleasant spectacle. All kinds of people were overrunning the waiting rooms, camped in the stifling corridors a nd even the stairs, and spread out on the floor with their animals, children and luggage. Since communication with the city was interrupted, the palace of transparent plastic felt like an immense capsule launched in the storm [something like missiles and ammunition]†¦ By lunchtime the collective conscience resembled a shipwreck. The lines stretched endlessly in front of the seven restaurants [the seven continents of the world]†¦ in less than three hours they had to close them down because there was nothing to eat or drink [such is the devastation on the part most especially of the colonized regions] †¦But the scenario in the so-called first class waiting rooms is different- which to me reflects the experience of those countries now known to be in the First World category. If the Sleeping Beauty was a place, it must be those places in the world which are rich in natural resources and potentials for development, yet both admired and captured by imperialists. Truly, the author was anticipating for her to belong to them, first-class nations (yet the woman isn’t to be found there) in the space described in the story as follows:In the first-class waiting room however, spring was tangible that there were live roses in the vases and canned music felt as sublime and sedative as its composers intended. Suddenly it occurred to me that this was an adequate refuge for the woman†¦But the majority of the crowd was down-to-earth men [probably symbolizing men who have succumbed to the colonizers losing their dignities] reading newspapers in English [the dominant language of the world] while their women were thinking of other men, [symbolizing patriots and true nationalists] contemplating the icy factories and the vast seed plots of Roissy devastated by lions [representing the effects of colonial past, that of economic dependence and abused laborers and farmers]†¦The man, the Japanese symbolizing the same country which chose to extend territory i nstead of being colonized by the Westerners in its Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere theme (the attempt for Japan to colonize its Asian neighbors) has indeed taken the path less traversed:â€Å"Pick a number,† she told me, â€Å"Three, four or seven†.â€Å"Four†.â€Å"You are the first one to not choose seven†.But this later has been contradicted when the man realized inside the plane when he encountered the Dutch woman’s eyeglasses, â€Å"But I retraced my steps, picked them up, and put them on her lap, suddenly thrilled that I had not chosen seat number four earlier.† What this suggests is that Japan although guided by its dreams of Asian development through Asians themselves (as shown in its fascination in the woman representing the developing countries be it South-East and East Asian, Latin American, South African, or Middle East) and its hatred in previous intruders manifested in his irritation against the fat Dutch woman (the Neth erlands also once colonized Indonesia) has failed to avoid the course of the French, German, Dutch, British and other previous colonial powers .Besides, it is quite amusing to realize that the main character could also speak and understand the now considered global language- a sign of acceptance and engagement in the globalized system. Is it the author Gabriel Garcia Marquez who is feeling the disappointment in the main character against what it represents? This may be true. What is certain however is the melancholy of the woman who as described in the narration below has resorted to a deep slumber in order to veil its passivity and discontent of the results of history:She did everything in a methodical and parsimonious manner, as if there was nothing anticipated for her since birth. Lastly, she lowered the curtain in the window, declined her seat as far back as it would go, covered herself with a blanket†¦and slept without a moment’s breath†¦for the eternal eight h ours and twelve minutes of the flight to New York.Yes, the plane is going to New York. The man, the woman, and the rest of the passengers are bound to the United States. Could this represent the fate of most countries- following the American ideals? While most of them seem to have forgotten the past, most have tried to belong to the present global order although with less analysis and a lot of difficulties to the extent of losing true identities, like the Sleeping Beauty.The author was successful in his presentation of a hopeless romantic tone with underlying themes that are both historical and political. The audience may be more interested to know that Gabriel Garcia Marquez was identified as a supporter of Latin American revolutionary movements and whose literature introduced the so-called, â€Å"magical realism†. The challenge here is really for the readers to be able to challenge the paradigm presented in the story, which beforehand must be decoded. A lot of the symbolism in the story has yet to be discovered. My interpretation here offers a new form of conflict that could only be resolved by historical, political and economic understanding and awakening.†¦because the only thing I desired in the last hour of the flight was to see her awake, even if she was infuriated, so that I could reclaim my freedom, and possibly my youth†¦Works CitedHeywood, Andrew. Politics. New York: Palgrave, 2002.Marquez, Gabriel Garcia. â€Å"The Plane of the Sleeping Beauty†. June 1982.